Heathrow Airport Overview

whitePaper | April 13, 2021

Air transport plays a vital role in economies. The number of flights increased by approximately 38% between 2010 and 20191 and is still expected to resume a strong long-term growth globally despite the COVID-19 crisis2 , albeit below 2019 levels for the years to come. This can mainly be attributed to strong forecasted growth in developing countries3 , especially in middle class populations, driving the need and market for greater local and global connectivity within these regions.

whitePaper | September 28, 2022

Aviation is often considered a “hard to abate” sector; it is growing rapidly but struggling to deploy low-carbon technologies due to their high costs. This paper presents a case under which progressive taxation, namely a frequent flying levy (FFL), can generate revenues for decarbonization while ensuring equitable distribution of the cost burden.

whitePaper | April 30, 2023

Space is central to this complexity. Not only does space underpin all instruments of our national power, but access to and freedom to maneuver in the domain are foundational to the United States’ status as a great power. This sixth edition of the Space Threat Assessment describes a domain undergoing a significant and rapid transformation. The number of objects in space continues to soar, the value of the global space economy is at an all-time high, and, unfortunately, the threat to the domain is real and concerning today. Over the past year and a half, there has been regular testing and use of reversible non-destructive capabilities as well as a destructive test that created a debris field, jeopardizing safe operations and indicating that the domain will continue to become more contested.

whitePaper | September 1, 2022

It is time to reinvent ourselves. We have reached or exceeded several limits, such as the limit on the availability of natural resources, the limit on healthy human-nature interaction, and the limit on the generation of wealth decoupled from consumption and conscious production. The Anthropocene Epoch, marked by the extraordinary growth of our population and constant economic growth, has resulted in unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss, carbon accumulation in the atmosphere, and drastic changes to our climate.

whitePaper | January 2, 2022

Aviation is a hard-to-decarbonize sector of the transport industry due to the stringent mass and volume requirements for aviation fuel. The high energy content of liquid jet fuel, both per unit mass and per unit volume,

whitePaper | November 8, 2019

The use cases for Inflight Connectivity are manifold. Market research suggests that 90% of passengers would like to connect, but less than 10% do so, as fees are high, and performance is poor. In the cabin, online credit card verification would eliminate fraud, and qualified medical assistance from the ground would avoid unnecessary diversions. Flight crews could optimize their flight path based on real time weather updates. Aircraft systems could report the need for maintenance and trigger ground crews accordingly, so that ground times can be minimized, and resources be used most efficiently. The ever-increasing demand for Inflight Connectivity is driven by several factors: the continued growth of airline passenger traffic, which is expected to double by 2035; 5-10 times higher passenger take rates of cabin Wi-Fi services than today; the amount of data generated by modern aircraft systems, which has already surpassed 1 Terabyte per flight just for the engines; other aerial vehicles that require connectivity for mission accomplishment, for example, police and rescue helicopters; and finally manned and unmanned drones (eVTOLs), which are expected to proliferate in the next decade.